Fragrance is an aroma compound that gives perfumes and colognes their distinctive scent. The term may be applied to natural odorants from plants and animals as well as synthetic odorants manufactured in laboratories. The term is also used in the generic sense to refer to the odor of a product, even if no fragrance has been added. [1]
Unlike fine perfumes that are composed from scratch, many mass-produced fragrance products such as eau de toilettes and colognes use pre-made formulations of fragrant chemicals called fragrance bases. These chemical compositions are based on simple fragrance concepts, such as fresh cut grass or a juicy sour apple, and are adapted from the olfactory characteristics of essential oils and aromatic compounds. They are often sold under the brand name “perfume” or “cologne.”
The top notes are the fresh, volatile odours that appear shortly after application. These are usually citrus (lemon, orange), light fruits (berries), and herbs, such as sage or lavender. [2]
Middle notes are the “heart” of a perfume and provide body, depth, and character to a scent. They are generally the last to disappear. [3]
Base notes, also known as the heart or core of a perfume, are rich and solid odours that are not perceived until about 30 minutes after the departure of middle notes. [4]
The word fragrance can encompass a variety of odours, but it also suggests a feeling or mood. It may be evoked by a particular fragrance, or it may be associated with an image, such as that of a luxurious vacation in the south of France.