Fragrance is the combination of chemicals that gives each perfume or cologne (along with many other products) its distinct scent. It can be derived from petroleum or natural raw materials. Companies that manufacture fragrance mix their own formulas or buy mixtures from fragrance houses—companies that specialize in developing perfumes. Fragrance ingredients may include “scent” chemicals and solvents, stabilizers, UV-absorbers, preservatives, and dyes. The International Fragrance Association sets industry standards for fragrance mixtures.
Most products are scented with one or more of the more than 3,500 fragrance chemicals that give personal care, cleaning and other products their unique smells. Manufacturers aren’t required to list the specific fragrance chemicals in their products; instead, they often simply list “fragrance” on the label. Many of these fragrance chemicals are linked to a range of health problems, including cancer, reproductive and developmental toxicity, allergies, and sensitivities.
Fragrance isn’t just a health concern—it can also be bad for the environment. The chemical vapors that compose most fragrances are volatile organic compounds that contribute to air pollution, including ozone and fine particulates. And, if a person is allergic to certain fragrance ingredients, they can develop a host of symptoms ranging from skin rashes to headaches, nausea, and even asthma.